The current epidimiological estimates of latent toxoplasma gondii infections world wide are set at approximately 30%. The rate among eastern European countries is near 80%.
I have to question the accuracy of these numbers, because it calls into question the rate of pseudopostive test outcomes. There is also the question of affinity and avidity of antigen antibody complexes in these tests, which weigh heavily on qualification data.
In essence, I think the seroprevalence of toxoplasma species among epidimiologically significant study groups, may be largely inaccurate.
Furthermore, there may be other homogeneous apicomplexan species infecting humans, that go undetected because of over emphasis on toxoplasma gondii spp.
For example, patients who exhibit symptoms of so-called Lyme disease, are very good candidates for these types of parasitic infections.
I would like to discuss some alternative tests, that will encompass an expanded range of species, and maintain accurate quantitative and qualitative results. These tests will have to be cost effective for routine clinical analysis.
Circulating antigen assays are the best, efficient and cheapest method for detection of toxoplasma and related apicomplexan species. {edit: includes non-antigenic proteins and foreign DNA\RNA residues} Chinese studies, have found the rSAG1 gene, in truncated form, can be easily detected in urine of newly infected and chronically infected mice. The antigen can be manufactured through expression vectors [e. coli, yeast, baculovirus] and made available for urinalysis assays. It is designed for specificity against Toxoplasma, but covers numerous strains.
PCR testing has pitfalls, mainly due to the high sensitivity of testing procedure.
Problems such as inhibition in sample, laboratory contamination, and skill of operators\technicians are often encountered.
My personal opinion is based on the above. I say finding mitochondrial antigen markers that cover a wide group of apicomplexans should be the focus of researchers in the field. Development of affordable testing motifs should be a priority, given the rate of unexplained climbs in chronic diseases that go undiagnosed in North America, and around the world. The importance of this parasite as a disease, must come into the foray of modern medical consciousness.
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